Persian calligraphy.html |
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Persian calligraphy is the calligraphy of Persian writing system. It has been one of the most revered arts throughout Persian history. It is considered to be one of the most eye catching and fascinating manifestations of Persian culture.
![Example showing Nastaʿlīq's proportion rules.[ 1 ]](/en/Image:Nastaliq-proportions.jpg)
Contents |
History
The history of calligraphy in Iran dates back to the pre Islam era. In Zoroastrianism beautiful and clear writings were always praised. [1]
Around one thousand years ago, Ebne Moghleh Beyzavi Shirazi (in Persian: ابن مقله بيضاوی شيرازی) and his brother created six genres of Iranian calligraphy namely "Tahqiq", "Reyhan", "Sols", "Naskh" and "Toqih" and "Reqah". These genres were common for four centuries in Persia. In 7th century (Hijri calendar), a new genre of Persian calligraphy was invented and named "Ta'liq".
Morteza Gholi Khan Shamlou and Mohammad Shafi Heravi created a new genre called "Shekasteh Nastaliq". Abdol-Majid Taleqani brought this genre to its highest level.
Contemporary Persian calligraphy
In 1950, Association of Iranian Calligraphers was founded by Hossein Mirkhani, Ali Akbar Kaveh, Ebrahim Bouzari, Hassan Mirkhani and Mehdi Baiani. In Afghanistan, Azizuddin Vakili published a book entitled "Calligraphy during last two centuries in Afghanistan" (1964).
Modernist movement
Zendeh Roudi, Jalil Rasouli, Parviz Tanavoli and Reza Abedini revolutionized Persian calligraphy by combining Iranian painting art and Iranian calligraphy. Fashion designers Nima Behnoud and Masih Zad use Persian calligraphy and Rumi poetry in dress designing.
Genres
- Nasta'liq script
- Shekaste Nasta'liq script (Cursive Nasta'liq)
- Naghashi-khat (Painting-Calligraphy combined)
Most notable figures
- Mir Ali Tabrizi
- Mir Emad
- Mirza Buzurg-i-Nuri
- Mishkín-Qalam
- Hasan Mirkhani
- Gholam Hossein Amirkhani
- Reza Abedini
- Darvish Abdolmajid Taleghani
- Abbas Nuri
- Mohammad Reza Kalhor
- Mirza Gholam Reza
- Ali Akbar Golestaneh
- Towhidi Tabari